[Radiation-Induced Heart Disease: Current Status and Challenges].

Being one of the major therapeutic measures for malignant tumors, radiation therapy, or radiotherapy, plays a particularly crucial role in the multidisciplinary integrated treatment of thoracic tumors. With the development in radiotherapy technology, the research focus has shifted from improving the overall survival of malignant tumor patients to reducing the incidence of radiation-related injuries. Currently, radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) has become one of the leading non-cancer causes of death in thoracic tumor patients who have undergone radiotherapy, seriously affecting their quality of life and clinical prognosis. In recent years, there has been growing understanding of the pathogenesis of RIHD, and proposals have been made for some potential measures for the prevention and treatment of RIHD. Based on the clinical manifestations and pathological changes of RIHD that have been reported, we herein reviewed the biological mechanism and potential treatment options for RIHD. We also discussed existing challenges in the prevention and treatment of RIHD, intending to provide references for the prevention and treatment of RIHD.

[Adsorption of Cadmium and Arsenic by Corn Stalk Biochar Solidified Microorganism].

Immobilization of bacteria on biochar can improve the performance of the soil complex polluted with cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As). In this study, bacteria (Delftia sp. B9, B9), biochar (corn stalks biochar, CSB), and biochar-bacteria complexes (B-CSB) were used as adsorption materials to explore the adsorption characteristics of Cd and As. The effects of pH on the adsorption performance of Cd and As and the ion removal from the aqueous solution were investigated, and the adsorption behaviors were simulated using an isothermal adsorption model. The changes in Cd and As speciation with the addition of B9, CSB, and B-CSB to As and Cd-contaminated soil were explored. The results showed that the Cd-saturated adsorption capacities of B9, CSB, and B-CSB were 49.43, 82.68, and 75.38 mg ·g-1, respectively; the As-saturated adsorption capacities were 24.67, 42.92, and 34.03 mg ·g-1, respectively. The concentration of available Cd and As significantly decreased, whereas the residual fraction increased after the addition of B-CSB. B-CSB was shown to be an effective material for the remediation of soil complexes polluted with Cd and As.

Inoculation of Cd-contaminated paddy soil with biochar-supported microbial cell composite: A novel approach to reducing cadmium accumulation in rice grains.

Bioremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil using metal-resistant microbes is a promising remediation technology. However, as exogenous bacteria sometimes struggle to survive and grow when introduced to new soils, it is important to develop appropriate carriers for microbial populations. In this study, we report a novel approach to remediating Cd-contaminated rice paddy soil using biochar-supported microbial cell composites (BMCs) produced from agricultural waste (cornstalks). Pot experiments showed that amendment with BMC was more efficient at reducing root and grain Cd content than pure bacteria, while improving soil Cd fractionation toward more stabilized and less labile forms. Bacteria in the BMC medium grew more readily with more abundant metabolites than those raised in free cells, probably because biochar provides shelter via porous structures (as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy) as well as additional nutrients. Overall, the improved long-term production of microbial biomass caused by BMC inoculation results in a higher remediation efficiency. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of using biochar as an appropriate carrier for metal-tolerant bacteria to remediate Cd-contaminated paddy fields.

[Effect of Conditioning Agent Combined with Flooding Measures on Absorption and Accumulation of Cadmium in Rice].

In order to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of flooding measures, soil conditioner, silicon mineral fertilizer and sprayed foliar fertilizer, gypsum powder, and their multiple treatments for reducing Cd accumulation in rice grown in Cd-contaminated soil. A plot experiment was conducted in three different Cd-contaminated soils. The results showed that flooding measures, a single application of conditioning agents, and combined application and flooding treatment can reduce soil-available Cd and the Cd content in various organs of rice with 6.58%-30.01% reduction in soil available-Cd and 12.64%-68.68% reduction in Cd content in brown rice, respectively. The Cd reduction decreased in the following order:comprehensive treatment (T6) > basic application of gypsum powder (T5) > base Xiangrunbang state soil conditioner (T3) > mineral silicon fertilizer and spray foliar fertilizer (T4) > flood treatment (T2). In addition, the average value of the reduction effect of the Cd content in brown rice was calculated. The five treatments in the experiment reduced the enrichment of various parts of the rice, which is a main reason for the decrease in Cd content in the brown rice. According to the field plot test, the combined application of the basic conditioning agent, mineral silicon fertilizer, and sprayed foliar fertilizer, and gypsum powder and flooding measures can be used as an effective method for Cd pollution control in Cd-contaminated cultivated rice.